Not too long ago, someone said something that’s stuck out for me about professional writing: if you’re not upsetting someone then you’re not doing your job right.

In this case, it was about being a reporter. It’s pretty obvious how it applies there. But I think it applies to a lot of writing as a whole too. If you want to say something of value, if you want to reach someone, then you’re going to upset at least some people along the way.

However, there’s an important difference between upsetting people for good reason with great writing, and upsetting people for terrible reasons with terrible writing.

Here’s some examples of what I mean.

A certain editor at Marvel has been known to say and think that making people mad is a good thing because in his eyes, it boosts sales. And honestly, to a certain extent, it’s true. You release Jane Foster as the new Thor, some guys whine about it, it boosts the profile and encourages buy-in. I saw Wonder Woman in theaters, despite my refusing to buy DC stuff since the “Harley Quinn” of the “reboot,” because some guys were opposed to female superhero films and I wanted to help push for more such films.

But in the case of the editor I’m referring to, his argument was to do things to piss people off just for the sake of pissing people off. Put words in characters’ mouths to have them say out of character stuff just cause it’d make people mad. Completely change a character into something they’re not just to make people mad. Secret Empire being just one example. The editor’s attitude appeared to trickle down to writers under him, too, as those writers seemed to respond to Twitter complaints by mocking people.

Another example is character death.

A lot of fiction has character death. It’s tough, I personally think a majority of the time it’s a useless waste, but there ARE cases where character death is actually good in fiction and getting upset about it is a good kind of upset.

I’ve said many times about how various shows like Walking Dead or Once Upon a Time know how to do character death, but one that’s stuck with me is the death of Mariel in the Arc the Lad anime.

Elc, the main character, spends a lot of time for several episodes talking about Mariel. He talks about escaping White House (an “orphanage” that’s a cruel research facility) as a kid and leaving Mariel behind. He talks about how much Mariel meant to him, and how he’s going to return and rescue her. She’s built up heavily as a very important character that inspired and supported Elc, who you want to see saved.

But when Elc finally breaks in to save her many years later… she’s been turned into not just a monster, but a mother of monsters. Not only that, her monster body is massive and interconnected to the room and its devices. Her body’s been turned into something that creates creatures of death and destruction, and she can’t live outside the room. She’ll never see the outside world like she wanted to do in trying to escape when they were kids. All throughout it, she clearly still has her child voice and child mentality. It’s horrific, it’s the core of the episode, and so much time is just Elc and Mariel in that room with the weight of it all really demonstrated. Then Elc kills her because it’s her only escape.

To me, that’s good character death. It shows the character had immense value and worth. It says something deep and meaningful. It shakes you enough to stick with you. I saw it a decade ago and it’s the thing I remember most of the anime.

A bad character death, though, is what happened to Dreamer on Gifted.

Everything that led up to her death was easily avoided. Every sacrifice of her character became completely pointless. She stays behind (on the wrong side of a door for no reason, by the way) so the kids can escape, the kids refuse to use their powers and get caught. The kids refuse to use their powers for the villain, villain threatens Dreamer and Blink, Dreamer tells the kids not to give in and in so doing sacrifices herself, she gets killed and the kids immediately decide to give in and use their powers against Dreamer’s wishes. We’re told snippets of character that could have been built on or seen instead of told, but that’s it. And finally, the writers couldn’t contain their eagerness to rush past Dreamer’s death and hype up the Cuckoos as the big takeaway everyone should talk about from the episode.

Instead of. You know. The character who fucking died for no reason other than, apparently, to throw her away ASAP.

What happened to Dreamer on Gifted is bad character death because there was no good reason for it. There was no deeper meaning or purpose behind the loss. There was no real insight into the character attempted. It wasn’t even the focus of the episode. It was a minor footnote. A character dies, and to the writers, that’s just flavor text to what’s happening with characters they actually care about.

There are many ways you can upset an audience.

Some of them are good kinds of upset. They build you toward a greater appreciation of things. They open your mind to new thoughts and ideas. They provide needed support for groups that often don’t get it, and they promote ideals that need promotion.

Some of them are bad. They mock what you saw value in. They’re close-minded attempts to persuade you toward negative, bigoted views. They punch down at people who need help, and tear down ideals that inspire people to do great things or be better people.

If you’re going to upset people with writing, it’s important to know the difference between good upset and bad upset.

The Polaris Chronicles – Chapter 2 – salarta – X-Men (Comicverse) [Archive of Our Own]

Chapter 2: 

Of Blood and Fire

Summary: Little Lorna Dane witnesses her parents fighting, leading to a very painful and traumatic mutant power awakening.

Author’s Note: This is a retelling of Lorna’s origin story told in X-Factor #243, only with more POV on Lorna and an attempt by me to add more gravity to what happens. Whether I succeeded or failed in the latter, I don’t know, but I tried. 😛


Rage and blood and fire. People expect these things in a world of heroes and villains. Grand battles on city skylines. Ripped up streets. Crushed cars. They never think of the smaller battles, like two parents arguing in the cockpit of a plane. Sharp words cutting through fragile hearts and sore egos.

Like Arnold and Suzanna Dane.

The two once-proud parents stare at each other. Hateful glares. Blue and green eyes set upon each other, deciding how best to let loose with whatever wicked barbs their minds could conjure in the throes of anger.

“Don’t be an idiot!”

“I don’t know why the hell I married you in the first place!”

“Well, you were never around, Arnold!”

“He said I was perfect! You never said I was perfect!”

Anything, everything, they dredged the deepest pits of their souls for weapons that could burn, twist, slice through to reach those most delicate and sensitive, human parts. Years of love unraveled in the blink of an eye. Two eyes, in fact. Two small, green, wet eyes that still shimmered like the pair of emeralds those same parents always said they were.

The eyes of little Lorna Dane.

In her light green turtleneck and her blue overalls, clutching her fuzzy monkey doll, Lorna rubbed the sleep away and listened to every word. Every. Word. Soaking them in like a tiny sponge. Sitting on the aisle floor, she watched as cruelty and her sadness shook the cockpit door. Its metal hummed. Crackled. Green bolts coursed around its frame, glowing brighter and brighter as her parents got worse.

“Well, excuse the hell out of me for being busy earning a living to support my wife and our – sorry, your – child!”

A sniffle. Little Lorna’s little nose burned as much of the corner of her eye. A tear. Shimmering and sad, it snuck out and slipped down her puffy cheek. Her vision blurred as she hugged her Jojo tighter. Its fur sparked. Not that she noticed. Her innocent young mind settled on one thing above all others.

“M… mommy… daddy…” she mumbled. Drowned out by a sky of insults whipping about her. Her fragile, innocent voice found volume in her despair. “Stop fighting!”

In her thoughts, in her wildest fantasies and dreams, the young girl imagined something better. She imagined a mother and father, rushing out to comfort their dear child. She imagined scowls and sneers and spit replaced with love and smiles, as they lifted her in their arms and showed her how much she meant to them.

She frowned as they dashed her frail hopes.

“Oh, great! You woke up Lorna!” Suzanna shouted.

“Hey, you were the one who was screaming!” Arnold bit back.

The small bundle of joy sobbed to herself. Again, her parents used her on each other. As a weapon. As a burden. A cross to bear. She buried her face in Jojo’s crown and suffered more verbal stings in her ears. Heart pounding, face flushed, Lorna let her tears soak through her doll’s soft felt. It was there. To hold. To touch. To hug. It accepted and heard her, one playful friend… and the only thing in the whole plane who cared about her feelings at all.

“Stop fighting! Stop fighting!!!” Lorna screamed.

“Will you shut that little brat of yours up!”

Footsteps pounded on the floor. The cockpit door flew open, banged against the restroom sign. When little Lorna looked up, her sight cleared just enough to see her mother. Once angelic. Once serene. Now twisted. Hard lines, narrowed glare, nostrils flared. This demon in the dark hunched toward her.

“Be quiet, Lorna! Just shut up and go back to-”

She couldn’t take it anymore. Lorna’s sorrow pulsed and sizzled on her skin. Green enveloped her, bright and shimmering all across her body. Emerald streaks stained through her brown hair, strand by strand.

“Oh my god!” Suzanna whispered. Not in rage. Not in love. Fear. Trembling. Lip quivering. She could feel it coming. Regret swelled in her chest, but… too late. Far too late.

“STOPPP FIIIIIGHTIIIIING!”

Tears and blood and fire. As windows cracked and the plane’s wings ripped free, little Lorna lost her fight. And so much more.

The Polaris Chronicles – Chapter 2 – salarta – X-Men (Comicverse) [Archive of Our Own]

Going to say a few things about Dreamer and The Gifted, specifically.

First, I maintain that if I discover in some way that Dreamer will turn out to not be dead or be revived in the season finale, AND that character death will be handled much better on the show going forward, then I’ll watch the finale and promote it. That hasn’t changed.

Second, some people think this is purely about a character I liked dying, period. That’s not it. The way it was handled is the problem.

I didn’t complain about Pulse’s death or how it was handled. Why? Because he had very little presence on the show. I was disappointed in his death, I thought it was a pointless waste of potential too, but the very minimal screen time meant I kept it at simply saying I was disappointed that he died.

Dreamer, however, had a big presence on the show. She was part of the love triangle for Blink and Thunderbird, yes, but she was also there as Polaris’ best friend and provided support and dynamics in many scenes with her. Furthermore, she had an accidentally hostile dynamic with Jace. To put it simply: she had extensive roots in the show’s story.

A good show doesn’t casually rip a character out with such deep roots, throw them in the trash and move on like nothing happened. Gifted did that. They did it and didn’t seem to care one bit that they did it. They acted like the character had zero worth and rushed forward like nobody else should have felt she had any worth either.

It’s not the death that makes the problem. It’s not giving a damn about the death that’s the problem. A single short funeral scene and a handful of tweets that the show’s social media account only thought to make when people started really complaining are not sufficient. The show should have written and presented the character’s death with more tact and empathy.

And before anyone says something, I’ve considered the possibility that the writers meant for Dr. Campbell saying mutants helped him get out of the hospital quicker to be a hint that Dreamer would be alive. If that’s meant to be a hint, it’s not enough. It’s too easy to assume the writers meant that purely as a throwaway line for world-building and to further establish Campbell’s power over mutants.

This also isn’t like when people complained about Polaris not having green hair on the show, where people should have looked at her comic book history before rushing to judgment. We had something to go on there. IF Dreamer is coming back, we have nothing to go on except at best a throwaway line we have to bend over backwards to trust means something more.

But even if Dreamer comes back, and even if the Campbell line wasn’t a throwaway, neither of those things changes any of my complaints. Planning to bring her back doesn’t make doing a horrible job with her death somehow fine. If I have a girlfriend and I’m planning to propose to her, does that mean it’s fine for me to suddenly break up with her by text message, throw away everything she ever gave me, and ignore her any time she wants to talk to me until the proposal?

That comparison felt awkward, but it’s the best one I can think to use for the simple reason that show and fandom is a relationship too, and to me, how the show handled Dreamer’s death was toxic verging on abusive. I trusted the show to care enough to not pull what they did with their handling of Dreamer’s death, and I can’t root for a show that’s going to have that kind of disdain and disrespect for the emotional investment they get me to put into the show.

Gifted, Dreamer’s Death, Character Death in General

With Gifted renewed for season 2, it’s safer for me to speak more often, and more openly, publicly about how the show handled Dreamer’s death. I complained a lot about it initially, and I still brought it up occasionally, but I actually kept a fairly tight lid on it compared to what I would normally do.

This is entirely because as a Polaris fan, I’m aware the show is still doing amazing things for her and I don’t want the character to lose that. Now that we have another season for her continued presence, I can start really opening up. Ideally the show writers start to care and try to remedy the issue. If not, then at least hopefully other writers out there learn something from it.

Here’s my thoughts and feelings specific to Gifted, Dreamer, and how the show’s handled character death. I may later post a longer post about character death as a whole; I have it in drafts right now.

There are so many things I can say. Where to start.

I didn’t start out interested in Dreamer. I became interested in her as a result of Gifted, from the writers’ work with her to Elle Satine and Emma Dumont’s dynamics together. The instant we got dialogue of Dreamer calling Polaris her best friend, I started imagining so, so many things they could do together.

Other people were focused on the love triangle with Blink and Thunderbird. I never cared, even once, about that love triangle. What I cared about was how cool Polaris and Dreamer could be as a duo. Polaris as the tough sarcastic bruiser type, Dreamer as the kind gentle somewhat seductive type. Polaris was force and power, Dreamer was subtlety and psychology. Not that they couldn’t each have those traits, but they excelled at different things.

In the few moments they had together, that paid off. Polaris had many great moments, but the ones she had with Dreamer were among the best on the show. The scene where Dreamer’s trying to play it soft with the guard and Polaris creates knuckles out of a spoon was just great. Dreamer plays the straight (wo)man to Polaris’ playfulness in that scene.

That was just the tip of the iceberg. There were so, so many more things they could’ve done together… and now they never will.

Dreamer’s death would’ve sucked in any circumstance. It would’ve upset me regardless. But, I can handle character death and suck it up if it’s done well. I didn’t like the death of Andrea on Walking Dead, but I’m still watching the show. The way the show handled her death is why it bugs me so much.

Dreamer’s death was random, pointless, a complete waste of her character and her potential. The show paid very minimal lip service to her in the episode. They show Turner mad at her and Dreamer’s regret, they tell (don’t show) us that she used her powers at a women’s shelter, and then she’s killed off… to motivate two other characters and advance their story.

Her death was swift and happened exclusively for the benefit of other characters. It “raised the stakes” of the story, but those stakes could’ve been raised without killing her. There are many other ways. And if the writers wanted her off the show? They could’ve put her on a bus, as the trope goes. Her death was unnecessary.

What made it even worse was how quickly the show moved on from it in the episode and what people on the show clearly wanted to be the episode’s primary focus. In almost no time at all, the show rushed from Dreamer’s death like they wanted to put it behind them and on to hyping up the Cuckoo sisters. The Cuckoo sisters were what the people on Gifted wanted everyone to focus on and remember most.

Meaning, they didn’t want people to think much about Dreamer, her death and all the potential lost with her death, compared to how great and glorious and amazing they wanted people to see the Cuckoos as being.

The funeral for Dreamer in the next episode changes none of this. It just reinforces how the show saw her as worthless aside from “developing” all the other characters and “raising the stakes.”

Not to mention problems with execution in general. Coincidentally, the two women of Thunderbird’s love triangle happen to be the two threatened with death. Coincidentally, the character who gets killed off is the one the show and its writers don’t want to be in relationship with Thunderbird. In other words: the writers are basically saying with Dreamer’s death that they think she only had worth in adding drama to Blink x Thunderbird, and that they think without that, she no longer has any value and should just die.

All of this bugs me for many reasons. Among them: if not for the grace of popularity and writer interest in her, this could be Polaris.

As a Polaris fan, I know very well how little Marvel’s thought of her, how disposable and worthless Marvel sees her. She got treated poorly for decades, never killed but treated like a constant punching bag or plot device for the benefit of other characters. Things about her and all her potential would get ripped out or ignored in favor of building up everyone else around her.

What happened to Dreamer on Gifted with her death is the same attitude Marvel’s traditionally had about Polaris. I thought Gifted was better than that, and it broke all my faith in the show and its writers that they would behave that way even if it was toward a different character.

Nevermind a haunting undercurrent of thought I have that Gifted’s writers might very well do exactly this to Polaris somewhere down the line if they get their hands on “better” characters that are “more deserving” of attention and use than Lorna. If they’re going to treat a character like Dreamer the way they did, how would they treat Polaris if they got Storm, or Jean Grey, or Emma Frost on the show? Would they randomly, pointlessly kill Polaris off so we could see Storm get real upset about her death and what a great character Storm is, at the price of any respect for Polaris, what she offered the show, and what her potential was that wouldn’t be realized now?

There’s also a deeper personal reason I hate character death. Yes, I find it incredibly cheap and lazy writing when there are alternatives. But outside of that, random pointless death is everywhere in life. Some people think of that as a reason it should be seen as okay on Gifted or any fiction, but I see it as a reason it shouldn’t be.

We go to fiction to escape the horrors of the world, or to face them in safe ways where we can enjoy and understand them. We don’t go to fiction to be reminded of how shitty the world is and why everything sucks and why continuing to live is pointless because we can die at any moment. I don’t need random pointless character death to remind me of all that. I get enough of it in my actual life.

Those are all my longform thoughts for the moment. I may have more in the future.

The (usually) cheap, lazy mistake of character death in fiction

Last night, a certain TV show I watch killed off a character. I’m deliberately not naming the show or the character. Though if you pay attention to my feeds, you may know what show and which character. This character’s death was pointless and unnecessary. As was the character’s “sacrifice” of getting captured leading to their death, since their sacrifice was entirely in vain.

I have no problem saying this: it is very rarely ever a good idea to kill off a character. In the rare cases where it’s acceptable, certain very important qualifiers really need to be followed.

Let’s start by looking at the justifications. Then why those justifications are wrong. Then where exceptions can be made, and how.

Justifications

The most common misguided justification for character death is that it shows the stakes of the story. The logic here is that by having a character die, you’re demonstrating the threat level of some big obstacle or villain. You’re showing what characters in this situation are risking. The secondary justification is motivation and character development for other characters. In theory, this character’s death will deeply affect characters tied to the dead character. It’ll give them a hard push to really take down the threat. It’ll make them re-evaluate their lives and priorities. It might create new relationships and bridge gaps in ones that exist.

Why they’re wrong

… The notion that character death is needed for any of this to happen is a lie.

You want to show how dangerous a villain/obstacle is. You want to give other characters an additional motivational push or some introspection. Why does death have to be the catalyst? See, there are so, so many other things that can be done besides death. Physical torture. Psychological torture. Public humiliation. Body or mind control. Downright maiming. These are just examples. Any one of these things could be used to do the exact same things given as justifications as character death. In some cases, they could be even more powerful than character death. Have a character who’s claustrophobic? Have the villain lock the character in a tight box for days to weeks.

A character can be put through their own personal hell and not die. And here’s the key: going a route other than character death means you’re not throwing away story potential for no good reason.

When you kill a character, you’re killing a lot more than the character. You’re killing every single potential plot thread that character had to offer. You’re killing storylines you haven’t even learned could exist yet. Putting the character through hell may be painful and cruel, but it’s damn good writing if done right. You just have to be smart and talented enough to figure out what the right approach is.

It’s at this point that I note whether or not the “personal hell” angle is appropriate really depends on the fictional world and tone. But if you’re considering pointless character death for “shock value,” then personal hell is already on the menu.

Exceptions

However, there are exceptions where character death might apply. Examples will be easier for me here.

I’m not a Game of Thrones person. I don’t watch the show or read the books. However, as a human being living in the 2010s, I’m aware the show is popular and is infamous for character deaths. So here’s what I can piece together: on Game of Thrones, a character’s death is an event. It’s a Big Deal ™. There’s, as far as I know, masterful writing leading up to the death accompanied by said death being the key focus of the episode. In the case of at least Hodor, you get a very strong sympathetic understanding of who he is and where he’s been before he dies.

Now let’s look at Walking Dead, which I do watch. There’s character death abound on that show. And yes, some characters die with relative ease because they have very minor roles. However. With any death of a character you’ve come to know in any meaningful way, you get a lot of emphasis on who the character is and their journey. You’re given a chance to stay with them in their final moments. Who they are and what they did while alive is explored deeply.

What do these approaches to character death offer? Catharsis. You get to say goodbye to this character you invested so much of your thoughts and feelings into. You get a send-off, like therapy or debriefing of a sort, that says: yes, we know we’re killing future story potential here. We know that. But we’re going to make absolutely sure to honor and respect the feelings you’ve invested in these characters. We are not going to treat these characters – and the feelings you’ve poured into them – like they’re worthless and disposable.

Look at Barb from Stranger Things as a final example. That character death was a huge mistake, regardless of justifications for it. However, the showrunners for Stranger Things still ended up making her death a huge deal for season two. Fans raged, knowing they lost something great and it wasn’t given due respect. The showrunners realized that those fans needed a form of catharsis, and gave it with season two.

Conclusion

The point is this: if you’re going to do character death, you better have a damn good reason for doing it, and it better have sufficient catharsis.

If your only reason for doing it is “shock value” and “showing stakes?” Then you’re doing it wrong. Very, very wrong.

Character death is cheap, lazy writing. It’s the writer deciding that actively killing off story possibilities is easier than having to work for that drama. It’s the writer saying “I know some people out there like this character, but fuck ‘em, the sacrifice of this character will benefit the characters I think actually have some value.” It is also, in effect, punishing readers/viewers/players for daring to give a shit about your story. You’re ripping away something they care about solely because it makes your job easier.

That is all I have to say on this subject at the moment. I hope to see much, much less of pointless and unnecessary character death in the future, and much more of actual good writing.

Polaris/Lorna Dane likely to get killed off during Secret Wars

This cover and solicit got released today.

image

MAGNETO #21  
CULLEN BUNN (w)
PAUL DAVIDSON (a)
Cover by DAVID YARDIN
• With the Earth on the verge of destruction, the Master of Magnetism is determined to be mutantkind’s savior once more…
• But at what cost?
32 PGS./Parental Advisory …$3.99

What I see here is raising all my red flags for the possibility of Lorna getting killed off.

We won’t know what really happens until the actual issues come out, or at least until we get more interviews and previews. This is all speculative educated guessing based on what we’ve seen so far. This prediction could be completely wrong, and I certainly hope it is.

Here’s why it looks like Lorna is going to get killed off, and so soon after Marvel’s forced retcon on Wanda and Pietro.

Secret Wars is touted as this big event that’s going to change the face of Marvel. It’s being used as an opportunity to cull much of the roster, particularly the X-Men and Fantastic Four as a result of Fox owning the film rights to those franchises.

Magneto #20 makes a heavy emphasis on Lorna as “salvation.”

image

   • Earth is careening toward oblivion and Magneto is desperate to prevent mutantkind from meeting its untimely end…

   • But could it be that the key to salvation has been right in front of him all along in the form of his daughter, Polaris?

Compare.

Lorna is “salvation.” She’s posed in a very clear crucifix position. Energy’s glowing radiantly out of her. We have Jesus martyr imagery plain as day here.

Magneto is still alive in #21. We know this for a fact thanks to the solicits. The cover for #21 puts an emphasis on his whole family, from Wanda and Pietro, to Lorna, to his relationship with Rogue. Within that, Magneto looks down and defeated, expressing significant loss. There is no mention of Lorna in those solicits, and the last we know about Lorna’s involvement is having a big scene with Briar in #20.

Everything we see here suggests Lorna is going to die, and Magneto is going to spend #21 agonizing over everything he’s lost in such a short time. It is not absolute proof. It is only strong suggestion. Anything is still possible.

I’m ending off with a frank personal statement. If you wish to read it, follow the “Keep reading” jump.

I’ve said in the past that if Lorna were to get killed off on Uncanny Avengers, I wouldn’t be bothered if Lorna died there, because Remender loves killing characters. Under those circumstances, I’d be able to wait for a year before complaining about her death.

Lorna getting killed off during the fog of Secret Wars on a non-Remender book is not the same thing. I would be bothered with her dying during this event, even if Bunn’s excellent writing gives her a great send-off.

Why? Well, naturally, there’s some of my fandom involved – but that’s not all there is to it. If Lorna gets killed off, we already know from Marvel’s actions over the past 6 years that it will not be for noble, well-intentioned goals like telling a good story.

For the past 6 years, Lorna has been kept away from her family, left out of major events she had a huge stake in like Children’s Crusade, AvX and Axis, left off anniversary covers Havok got to be on despite being around before him as the second female X-Men member after Jean Grey. Anything she’s on has received no promotion, or in the case of All-New X-Factor #14, deliberately buried from view. And we know all of this is a result of Disney and Marvel being angry about how Fox owns the film rights to the X-Men franchise.

I would have been able to accept Lorna getting killed off for a time if the opposite of the above was true, if Marvel acknowledged and respected her enough to use her as much as she deserved to be used.

Again, we won’t know anything for sure until the actual issues come out, or at least until we have more interviews to go on. Lorna might die. She might live. Nothing is confirmed with 100% certainty just from this much. For this reason, I’m likely not going to say anything more about this unless new information makes saying something necessary.

But, if Lorna gets killed off during Secret Wars, I’m done with everything Marvel until she comes back. If she doesn’t come back by the time the new Star Wars movie comes out on December 18th, I’m swearing off everything Disney that I can. I only specify “that I can” because I might not realize something is owned by Disney until it’s too late. However, I’ll still buy and see Fox content based on Marvel properties, and I’ll still complain about Marvel and point out what’s wrong with the company, more than ever before.

Oh, and I won’t blame Cullen Bunn if Lorna dies, because I know it won’t be his fault. He’s the writer, he does amazing work, but killing off a character like Polaris is something only a higher-up would allow or demand. Bunn’s only role would be trying to make the narrative best out of terrible business decisions out of his hands.

That’s where I stand on all this. Feel free to omit my personal bits if you want to reblog everything before it.